Afro-Cuban Costumbrismo: From Plantations to the Slums
Afro-Cuban Costumbrismo: From Plantations to the Slums
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Abstract
Cuban Costumbrista writers reported the strong presence of African traditions developed by slaves and by freed Blacks as agents of a vigorous popular culture that was highly visible throughout the nineteenth century. In their handling of Black themes, Costumbristas addressed four main subjects: (1) the particularities of the sugar-cane plantation, rich in slave cultures (as performed in different formats of acculturation by both African and Creole or Cuban-born slaves); (2) the development of religious systems within rural and urban settings; (3) documentation of Black musical expressions; and (4) the incorporation of certain Black social types as literary characters, as workers of specific trades assigned to slaves or to freed Blacks, or as marginal outcasts living in slum areas of major Cuban cities. Afro-Cuban Costumbrismo intends to examine the special qualities that the nineteenth-century Costumbristas observed as eyewitnesses of the making of a new racial hybridity, known today as “mulattoness.” Although mulattoness was a racial concept handled in various types of documents (for example, in ecclesiastical and civil regulations against mixed marriages), it was in Costumbrista literature that the concept took on literary presence. Although Blacks as depicted by Costumbristas had little literary significance, their presence in these politically infused texts covertly addresses the influence of Black Creole culture on developing Cubanía.
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Front Matter
- Introduction: Nineteenth-Century Costumbrista Writers on the Slave Trade and on Black Traditions in Cuba
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1
Cuban Costumbrista Portraits of Slaves in Sugarmills: Essays by Anselmo Suάrez y Romero
- 2 Juan Francisco Manzano's Autobiografía de un esclavo: Self-Characterization of an Urban Mulato Fino Slave
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3
Urban Slaves and Freed Blacks: Black Women's Objectification and Erotic Taboos
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4
The Costumbristas' Views of Manly Black Males: Uppity Blacks and Thugs
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5
Depictions of the Horrific “Unseen”: Cuban Creole Religious Practices
- Conclusion: Costumbrista Essays on Blacks: Nineteenth-Century Preconceived Notions of Civility
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End Matter
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