This chapter discusses the socialist impulse and the formation of anarchism in the labor movement in Argentina. It describes the appalling situation of immigrants, all of whom were only able to find work in the country as hired hands in a variety of fields. These workers endured long hours, low pay, and an absence of compensation for accidental injury, illness, or work-related disability. They also experienced horrible living conditions. By September 27, 1930, after 40 years of socialist ferment, the Confederación General del Trabajo was founded. It became the most enduring and effective central labor organization in Argentina, while the socialist impulse expressed itself in the pages of the literary magazine, Sur.