The Start of a Movement
The Start of a Movement
The New York Bureau of Industries and Immigration, 1908–1914
More than 19 million immigrants entered the United States in 1900–30, one-third of them at the nation's largest city and busiest port, New York. The challenges these new arrivals faced began at the federal immigration station on Ellis Island and followed them, literally and figuratively, as they moved through New York City in search of housing and work. After experiencing the arrival of more than 1 million immigrants each year in 1905, 1906, and 1907, New York launched in 1908 a social welfare policy for immigrants that it called “Americanization.” This new policy was initiated and implemented by social progressives who were from New York City settlement houses and who believed that their foreign-born status and newness to America put immigrants at an inherent disadvantage in finding jobs and housing and defending their rights and property.
Keywords: federal immigration, Americanization, New York, NYBII, social welfare
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