Wartime Americanization in the States
Wartime Americanization in the States
New York, California, and Massachusetts 1917–1918
The United States fought in World War I for less than two years, but those 19 months between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918, were an intense and transforming period for America. The nationalistic pressures of World War I caused state Americanization agencies to adapt their policies to meet the needs and the demands of the federal government, which defined Americanization primarily in terms of immigrant loyalty and compliance with national war aims. The more conservative vision of Americanization developing in Massachusetts, New York, and even California contrasted with efforts in Illinois, where Hull-House progressives attempted to craft a cosmopolitan approach to immigrant social welfare immediately after the war in the midst of intense national anti-immigration sentiment.
Keywords: World War I, CCIH, state Americanization, Hull-House progressives, social welfare
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