Defining Pensacola and Fort Walton Cultures in the Western Panhandle
Defining Pensacola and Fort Walton Cultures in the Western Panhandle
This chapter describes the Pensacola region and addresses the mixture of Fort Walton and Pensacola ceramics from the Apalachicola River westward. Located in the far western panhandle, Pensacola is the only Mississippi-period culture in Florida with traditional shell-tempered pottery. The author reviews sites in the major estuaries: St. Andrew, Choctawhatchee, and Pensacola bays. Much of the interior appears to have been abandoned during the Mississippi period, possibly because of infertile soils and increased communication along coastal waterways. There is some evidence for maize, but most may date to the protohistoric period; the major adaptation was to coastal aquatic resources. A few mounds and many rich habitation and cemetery sites on the coast have high-profile goods such as copper, shell beads, and pottery with Mississippian iconography; some have European items.
Keywords: Fort Walton culture, Pensacola culture, shell-tempered pottery, St. Andrew Bay, Choctawhatchee Bay, Pensacola Bay
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