Woodland and Mississippian in Northwest Florida
Woodland and Mississippian in Northwest Florida
Part of the South but Different
The prehistoric Apalachicola/Lower Chattahoochee Valley in northwest Florida demonstrates both typical southeastern traditions and unusual patterns, but some established concepts in this region need revision. Long-distance interaction networks are evident at least as early as the Late Archaic. A few mounds are now known from Early Woodland times. New data from Pierce and Chattahoochee Landing mound complexes, at each end of the valley, show re-use of Woodland ritual space by later Fort Walton groups. Middle Woodland ritual and domestic sites have typical exotics and both Swift Creek and early Weeden Island ceramics, lasting as late as 650. Fort Walton was solidly Mississippian but with distinctive ceramic, lithic, and other aspects that must indicate maintenance of a specific regional identity, including food production inland but continued foraging on the coast. Extra-regional exchange was continual and mobility probably typical, but clear evidence for migration appears only after contact.
Keywords: northwest Florida, Apalachicola Valley, Chattahoochee Landing Mounds, Middle Woodland, Fort Walton, regional identity
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